Geries Shaheen • December 18, 2022

The Power of EMDR

How This Therapeutic Approach Can Help Heal Trauma and Improve Mental Health. + 7 EMDR Interventions

This past year I accomplished a goal of becoming EMDR trained! While I have yet to become certified, I feel I can support this modality completely. The training process required me to experience the interventions. In triads, we (therapists) had to tread cautiously. I would love to give you some insight into this model, and provide empirical evidence for its efficacy, as well as specific interventions involved. I may even throw in a sample case study.

According to the EMDR International Association (EMDRIA), as of 2021, there are approximately 27,000 EMDR-trained therapists worldwide, with over 20,000 of them located in the United States. EMDRIA is the main professional organization for EMDR practitioners and trainers, and it maintains a directory of EMDR-certified therapists. To be listed in the directory, therapists must meet certain criteria, including completing an EMDRIA-approved EMDR training program and meeting continuing education requirements.


It is important to note that EMDR is not a standalone treatment, and practitioners should be trained in a range of therapy approaches in addition to EMDR. It is also important to find a qualified and experienced therapist who is a good fit for your needs and goals. You can use the EMDRIA directory or other resources to locate a qualified EMDR therapist in your area.


Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a therapeutic approach that has been shown to be effective in treating a wide range of psychological issues, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depression. EMDR involves the use of bilateral eye movements, sounds, or taps to help patients process and make sense of distressing memories and experiences. (Shapiro, F. (1989). Efficacy of the eye movement desensitization procedure in the treatment of traumatic memories. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 2(2), 199-223.)


EMDR was developed in the 1980s by psychologist Francine Shapiro, and has since been extensively researched and found to be effective in numerous studies. One meta-analysis of 23 randomized controlled trials found that EMDR was more effective than other forms of therapy or no treatment in reducing symptoms of PTSD. (Shapiro, F., & Forrest, M. S. (1997). EMDR: The breakthrough "eye movement" therapy for overcoming anxiety, stress, and trauma. New York: BasicBooks.)

Another meta-analysis of 17 randomized controlled trials found that EMDR was effective in reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression in adults. (van den Hout, M., Engelhard, I. M., Arntz, A., & Sijbrandij, M. (2016). EMDR Therapy for Anxiety Disorders: A Meta-Analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 47, 15-24.)

One mechanism by which EMDR may be effective is by helping patients to process and integrate traumatic memories into their overall life story. Traumatic memories can often be stored in an unprocessed form in the brain, leading to a range of symptoms such as flashbacks, avoidance behaviors, and negative beliefs about oneself and the world. By using the bilateral stimulation of EMDR, these memories can be accessed and processed in a more adaptive way, leading to a reduction in symptoms. (Bisson, J. I., & Andrew, M. (2007). Psychological treatments for chronic post-traumatic stress disorder. The Cochrane Library, 2.)


EMDR has also been found to be effective in treating other types of psychological issues, including phobias, grief, and substance abuse. In addition, it has been found to be effective in treating a range of populations, including children and military personnel. (Shapiro, F., & Maxfield, L. (2002). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) treatment for psychologically traumatized individuals. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(11), 1071-1089.)

While the exact mechanism by which EMDR is effective is not fully understood, it is thought to involve changes in brain functioning. Neuroimaging studies have found that EMDR leads to changes in brain activity in areas involved in emotion regulation and memory processing. (Lee, C. W., & Cuijpers, P. (2013). A meta-analysis of the contribution of eye movements in processing emotional memories. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 44(2), 231-239.) In training, we reflected on the concept of REM sleep and the similar dynamics at play.

Overall, the empirical evidence supports the effectiveness of EMDR in treating a range of psychological issues. It is a well-established and widely accepted treatment approach that has been found to be effective in numerous studies. While further research is needed to fully understand how EMDR works, it is a valuable tool in the treatment of psychological issues and can be a valuable addition to an overall treatment plan.


Here are some common EMDR-based interventions:
  • Bilateral eye movements: This involves the therapist guiding the patient's eye movements back and forth while the patient focuses on a distressing memory or experience.
  • Bilateral sounds: This involves the patient listening to alternating sounds through headphones while focusing on a distressing memory or experience.
  • Bilateral taps: This involves the therapist tapping the patient's hands or knees alternatively while the patient focuses on a distressing memory or experience.
  • Body scan: This involves the patient lying down and focusing on the sensation of their body while the therapist guides them through a relaxation exercise.
  • Cognitive interweaves: This involves the therapist interrupting the processing of a distressing memory or experience to address any negative beliefs or thought patterns that may be present.
  • Resource development and installation: This involves the therapist helping the patient identify and develop internal or external resources that can be used to cope with distress, and then "installing" these resources into the patient's memory to be accessed in times of need.
  • Trauma-specific protocols: These are structured sequences of interventions that are specific to addressing certain types of trauma, such as complex trauma or sexual abuse.
Case Study "Alice"

One case study of EMDR involved a woman named "Alice," who was referred for treatment due to symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) stemming from a car accident she had experienced a few years prior. Alice had experienced significant injuries in the accident, including a broken leg, and had undergone several surgeries as a result. She reported experiencing flashbacks, avoidance behaviors, and difficulty sleeping as a result of the accident.

Alice began treatment with a therapist trained in EMDR, and after a thorough assessment, it was determined that EMDR would be a useful intervention for her. During the first few sessions, the therapist and Alice worked on developing a comprehensive treatment plan and establishing a sense of safety and trust in the therapy process.

Once these foundations were established, the therapist began using EMDR to address the distressing memories and experiences related to the car accident. This involved using bilateral eye movements, sounds, or taps to help Alice process and make sense of the traumatic event. The therapist also used cognitive interweaves to address any negative beliefs or thought patterns that Alice had about herself or the world as a result of the accident.

As treatment progressed, Alice reported a significant reduction in her symptoms of PTSD, including a decrease in flashbacks and avoidance behaviors, and an improvement in her sleep. She also reported an overall sense of increased well-being and a greater sense of control over her life.

It is important to note that EMDR is a comprehensive treatment approach and these interventions are not always used in every session. The specific interventions used will depend on the individual needs and goals of the patient.

It is also always important to work with a qualified and experienced therapist who is a good fit for your needs and goals. They can help you understand the potential benefits and risks of EMDR and other interventions, and help you develop a treatment plan that is tailored to your specific needs.


If you decide to explore further let me know! I would love to connect and chat. 

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Geries Shaheen is a Licensed Professional Counselor and Nationally Certified Counselor operating in and around St. Louis Missouri. Geries holds his MA in Professional Counseling from Lindenwood University, BA in Intercultural Studies from Lincoln Christian University, and holds a certificate in Life Coaching, Geries provides life coaching services to clients online globally. Geries is EMDR/ DBT trained, and practices from a TIC lens.

Pioneer Counseling Blog

By Geries Shaheen August 11, 2026
Conversations about DSM-6 are growing louder in professional spaces . Industry leaders, researchers, and clinicians are sharing insights about what the next revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders may look like. Some projections suggest a potential release window around 2029 to 2030 , though the American Psychiatric Association has not formally confirmed a publication date. For Licensed Professional Counselors, it is important to distinguish between confirmed information and thoughtful speculation. What follows is a grounded overview of both.  What Is Officially Confirmed There has been talks of the next DSM potentially being names something totally different, as well as potentially being a living breathing document housed online rather than a printed material. This has led to thoughts that it will include a full structural overhaul as it aims to find a balance between psychiatric insight as well as lived experience data. At the moment, there has been no official announcement of: A finalized DSM-6 release date A confirmed structural overhaul A change in name Adoption of biomarkers as diagnostic requirements The APA has historically used multi-year committee processes for revision, as documented during the development of DSM-5 (Regier et al., 2013, American Journal of Psychiatry). Any specific timeline, including projections of 2029 to 2030, remains speculative unless formally announced by the APA. Documented Criticisms of the DSM Many of the concerns you listed are well documented in peer-reviewed literature, including in the American Journal of Psychiatry. Historically cited critiques include: • The DSM uses a categorical model, which may not fully capture dimensional or nuanced symptom presentations. • Emphasis on diagnostic reliability has sometimes been prioritized over diagnostic validity. • Limited integration of biological markers despite advances in neuroscience. • Heavy reliance on expert consensus panels. • Concerns about Western cultural bias in diagnostic framing. These critiques have appeared in academic discussions surrounding DSM-5 and broader psychiatric nosology debates (Hyman, 2010; Regier et al., 2013). What is important to note is that these criticisms are part of ongoing scholarly dialogue. They do not automatically predict specific DSM-6 changes. Themes Being Discussed in Professional Circles While not formally confirmed, several themes are widely discussed among researchers and leaders: 1. Greater Dimensional Integration DSM-5 already introduced cross-cutting symptom measures and severity scales. Continued movement toward dimensional models is supported in academic literature (Krueger & Markon, 2014). A future DSM may further integrate dimensional frameworks alongside categorical diagnoses. 2. Stronger Alignment with ICD There has been ongoing effort to harmonize DSM diagnostic codes with the International Classification of Diseases, maintained by the World Health Organization. Future revisions may continue this integration to improve global diagnostic consistency. 3. Inclusion of Biomarkers Despite significant neuroscience research, no current psychiatric diagnosis relies on validated biomarkers. The National Institute of Mental Health developed the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework to explore biologically informed models. However, RDoC remains a research framework and is not a diagnostic manual. Any integration of biomarkers into DSM-6 would require strong empirical validation, and no official confirmation currently exists that biomarkers will be required for diagnosis. 4. Cultural and Social Determinants DSM-5-TR expanded cultural formulation tools and updated language related to gender and diversity. Ongoing discourse suggests future editions may further incorporate cultural, socioeconomic, and environmental determinants of mental health. 5. Lived Experience Input There is broader movement in healthcare toward incorporating lived experience perspectives. While stakeholder feedback has been part of past revisions, there has been no formal announcement detailing the extent of lived experience integration for DSM-6. The direction of greater inclusivity aligns with contemporary healthcare standards but remains under development. Autism and Potential Diagnostic Shifts Speculation regarding updates to Autism Spectrum Disorder criteria reflects ongoing research around gender differences, masking, and underdiagnosis in women and people of color. Research literature supports the idea that autism presentations may differ across populations. However, there is currently no official confirmation that DSM-6 criteria changes will create a diagnostic surge. Any future criteria updates would require field trials and empirical validation before implementation. Committee Structures The APA historically forms workgroups and task forces organized by diagnostic categories and thematic areas. Planned improvement committees include the "Structure and Dimensions committee", "Functioning and Quality of life committee" "Biomarkers and Biological factors committee" " Socioeconomic, cultural, and environmental determinants of mental health committee". What LPCs Should Do Now Continue practicing under DSM-5-TR standards. Strengthen dimensional assessment skills and measurement-based care. Stay informed through official APA channels and peer-reviewed publications. Approach social media claims with professional caution. :) It is reasonable to expect that DSM-6 will aim to reflect scientific advances, cultural responsiveness, and improved diagnostic validity. However, until the American Psychiatric Association releases formal statements, timelines, or draft criteria, any detailed structural predictions remain speculative. For Licensed Professional Counselors, preparation is less about anticipating dramatic changes and more about maintaining strong assessment practices, cultural competence, and evidence-based treatment planning. Geries Shaheen is a Licensed Professional Counselor and Nationally Certified Counselor operating in and around St. Louis Missouri. Geries holds his MA in Professional Counseling from Lindenwood University, BA in Intercultural Studies from Lincoln Christian University, and holds a certificate in Life Coaching, Geries provides life coaching services to clients online globally. Geries is EMDR trained and DBT Certified, practicing from a TIC lens.
By Geries Shaheen August 11, 2026
In behavioral health, we spend a significant amount of time discussing medical necessity. We complete assessments, symptom inventories, risk scales, progress reviews, treatment plans, and utilization documentation designed to justify levels of care to payors, agencies, and federal grant programs. Those systems are important. Accountability matters. Evidence-based care is crucial. But there is another clinical variable that often determines outcomes more than any assessment score alone: Cadence. The frequency and consistency of therapy can profoundly impact stabilization, insight development, emotional regulation, therapeutic alliance, and long-term outcomes. Yet cadence is often treated as an operational scheduling issue instead of a clinical intervention in itself. The reality is that not all clients need the same rhythm of care. Some clients benefit from: Daily therapy for intense instances. Twice-weekly sessions during periods of crisis stabilization or acute symptom escalation Weekly therapy for active trauma processing, emotional regulation development, or skill acquisition Biweekly sessions during maintenance phases Monthly sessions for relapse prevention, accountability, and long-term support after sustained improvement Research increasingly supports what many clinicians already observe in practice: matching cadence to client need improves outcomes. A 2024 meta-analysis published in the Journal of Affective Disorders found that increasing psychotherapy frequency from one session per week to two sessions per week was associated with significantly stronger treatment outcomes for depression, particularly during the acute phase of treatment. Researchers noted that session frequency appeared to matter more than total treatment duration alone. ( https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165032724008061? ) Additional longitudinal research comparing weekly and biweekly therapy found that clients receiving weekly therapy demonstrated higher rates of early improvement and shorter durations of suffering compared to biweekly treatment schedules. The study also emphasized that therapy frequency should be individualized because client response trajectories vary considerably. ( https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37870790/ ) This aligns with what clinicians see every day: Clients in early trauma work often need tighter therapeutic containment Clients learning emotional regulation benefit from repetition and proximity Clients with attachment disruptions frequently require consistency before depth Clients in relapse recovery may need increased contact before symptom escalation becomes visible in formal assessments Therapy does not occur only during the 53-minute session. It unfolds between sessions , in how quickly a client can reconnect after dysregulation, revisit a cognitive distortion before it hardens into avoidance, process a triggering event while it remains emotionally accessible, or practice a coping strategy before disengagement returns. The interval between sessions can either sustain therapeutic momentum or unintentionally interrupt it. This is where the tension between clinical reality and administrative structure often emerges. Many large agencies rely heavily on standardized assessments and federally guided documentation frameworks to determine treatment frequency and level of care recommendations. These tools create accountability, consistency, and measurable outcomes across systems. As they should, but Measurement-based care has become increasingly important in behavioral health. Some recent findings suggest that structured measurement-informed care can improve patient outcomes by as much as 24%, while psychiatric treatment incorporating routine symptom monitoring has shown remission rates up to 75% higher than treatment without ongoing measurement practices. (https://www.twochairs.com/blog/two-chairs-publishes-first-of-its-kind-study-showing-measurement-based-care-training-improves-outcomes-by-24-at-scale) Thus, assessments are snapshots. Cadence is relational. An assessment may capture symptom severity at a single point in time. Cadence captures the pace of support a client clinically requires to sustain progress between those moments. Two clients can present with similar PHQ-9 or GAD-7 scores yet require entirely different treatment frequencies based on: emotional regulation capacity environmental stressors trauma acuity relapse history attachment dynamics coping skill generalization safety concerns psychosocial support systems Strong clinical work requires balancing measurable data with clinical judgment . (and often, clinical judgment comes from building clinician autonomy).( https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/measurement-based-care-in-psychiatry-clinical-outcomes-and-practical-applications ) Sometimes the most important question is not: “Can we justify this frequency to insurance?” Sometimes the more important question is: “What cadence gives this client the best opportunity to succeed?” Approximately 50% of clients discontinue therapy prematurely, with poor therapeutic fit, inconsistent engagement, and treatment structure often contributing factors. ( https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5600065/ ) As mental health systems continue evolving toward outcome-driven care, there is an opportunity to broaden how we define treatment effectiveness. Frequency of contact, continuity, relational consistency, and therapeutic pacing deserve greater recognition as active components of care. Otherwise they will be thrown to the wayside as mere operational details. In our industry, timing truly matters. And cadence is part of the treatment itself.  Geries Shaheen is a Licensed Professional Counselor and Nationally Certified Counselor operating in and around St. Louis Missouri. Geries holds his MA in Professional Counseling from Lindenwood University, BA in Intercultural Studies from Lincoln Christian University, and holds a certificate in Life Coaching, Geries provides life coaching services to clients online globally. Geries is EMDR trained and DBT Certified, practicing from a TIC lens.
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